The Reason for the Loss of Bone Mineral Density in Space (weightless environment - microgravity) and on the Earth

Loss of Bone Mineral Density in Space (weightless environment – microgravity)

The absence of mechanical stimulation, which on the Earth is produced by working against gravity and by our own body weight, is the cause of the loss of bone density in Space (weightlessness - microgravity).

There are two main types of mechanical stimulations which are absent in space.

1) Mechanical stimulation induced by our own body weight. (In a weightless environment, the body has mass but doesn’t have weight.) On the Earth, even in a laying down position, the body gets some amount of mechanical stimulation because the weight of each body particle above provides mechanical stimulation to the below particles. The particles which are below bear the weight of the particles which are above.

2) Mechanical stimulations induced by working against the gravity (against the pull of gravity). Standing, walking, running and jumping are examples of working against the pull of gravity. Actually, by performing any physical activity, the most effort we put in is to support and carry our own body weight.

The most mechanical stimulation induced by working against gravity, like standing, walking, running and jumping, etc, comes from the foot-ground impact forces. 

There is no foot-ground impact force in a weightless environment (Microgravity). (Hitting the floor with the foot in the Space Station will result in hitting the ceiling with the head.).

Loss of Bone Mass and Bone Mineral Density on Earth (1G Environment)

Insufficient physical activity and/or extreme efficiency in performing locomotion (walking and running) is the cause of the loss of bone mineral density on the Earth. (The competitive marathon runners are affected by the low bone density.)

 

The Biological Basis of Bone MASS and Bone Mineral DENSITY GAIN
 

1)    Excessive (excessive strength and/or excessive duration) mechanical stimulation causes (increased) inflammation of the bones.

 

2)    Sufficient mechanical stimulation (sufficient strength and sufficient duration) maintains normal inflammation (homeostasis).

The Biological Basis of Bone MASS and Bone Mineral DENSITY LOSS

 

1)    Insufficient mechanical stimulation (insufficient strength and/or insufficient duration) causes a decrease in inflammation below the level required for maintaining existing bone mass and bone density. 

MECHANICAL STIMULATION – INFLAMMATION model explains the density loss/gain of all bones, including the bones of the human skull in Space (weightless environment - microgravity) and on the Earth (1 G environment).

The book “Mechanical Stimulation Low-Grade Inflammation Weight Gain”  explains why: 

1) Bones can increase in size and density. 

2) Bones can increase in size but the bone density decreases

3) Bones can decrease in size and density. 

4) Bone size can decrease, but bone density increases. 

Copyright 2014 – 2021 Luka Tunjic

Luka Tunjic is the author of the book “Mechanical Stimulation Low-Grade Inflammation Weight Gain“

Type 1 Diabetes and Modern Science of Biomechanics (Ground-breaking Type 1 Diabetes Research)

For the most of 2013, I spent most of my time working on type 1 diabetes. It is from an idea that I came across in 2005. Here is the contents of my work/research on Type 1 Diabetes from 2005 until the end of 2013.  

The research is spread over 12 web pages and each page will be updated during 2014. 

The purpose of publishing this research is to point out that Type 1 Diabetes can be prevented and cured only with nonsurgical and non-pharmaceuticals means. 

This research on Type 1 Diabetes by no means suggest to people with type 1 Diabetes to do or not to do something in order to treat or cure type 1 diabetes. For now, the only purpose of publishing this research on the internet is to initiate a clinical trial conducted by medical scientists involved in the research of diabetes, along with people involved in researching biomechanics like chiropractors, osteopaths, physiotherapists, podiatrists, etc.

 

Research Paper Contents

1) Postural Profile of People with Type 1 Diabetes - web pages 1 

No one before took notice that people affected with type 1 diabetes share certain postural characteristics that has not been found in people without Type 1 diabetes      (To read more click here)

2) Postural and Musculoskeletal Characteristics of Normal Weight People without and with Type 1 diabetes – web page 2 -

The graphic illustrations in the article Profile of the musculoskeletal characteristics of normal weight people without and with Type 1 diabetes points out the postural and musculoskeletal differences between people with and without Type 1 diabetes. (To read more click here)

3)  Spontaneous Remission of Type 1 Diabetes    – web page 3 -

There is almost no attention paid to the examples of spontaneous remission of type 1 diabetes, but there are quite a few examples of temporary and even permanent remission of type 1 diabetes. (To read more Click Here)

4) Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes – Obesity Protect against Type 1 Diabetes?   – web page 4 -

Actually, obesity is not what protects us from Type 1 diabetes, but something else that goes along with obesity.

The first step to understand what protects us from developing Type 1 diabetes is to analyse and compare the postural and musculoskeletal characteristics of obese, overweight and normal weight people. People with certain postural characteristic can’t get obese, it doesn't matter how much they eat and how physically inactive they are. (To read more click here)

5) Weight Loss and Type 1 Diabetes – Weight Loss Linked to Type 1 Diabetes?   – web page 5 -

The fact is that children experience weight loss around the time of their diagnosis with Type 1 Diabetes. This leads to the conclusion that the body weight, whether it is underweight, overweight or obese, is not related or even correlated with the development of Type 1 diabetes, but weight loss is connected with the development of type 1 diabetes. (To read more click here)

6) Insulin Therapy and Weight Gain     – web page 6 -

The theory that insulin enables the glucose to enter the cells and the glucose that has not been used is accumulated as fat is not only absolutely wrong, but it is responsible for the huge rise in the practice of deliberately skipping insulin in order to prevent or to lose weight. Before that theory, that practice was unknown. (To read more click here)

7) Exercises Induced Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycaemia) and High Blood Sugar (Hyperglycaemia)   – web page  7 -

The most dangerous post-exercise hypoglycaemia happens during night sleep (night-time hypoglycaemia or nocturnal hypoglycaemia). Night time hypoglycaemia (or nocturnal hypoglycaemia) can be fatal. Actually, night time hypoglycaemia has been considered to be responsible for a large proportion of sudden deaths in young T1DM patients.

Understanding post-exercises weight loss is an essential condition to understand and prevent post-exercises hypoglycaemia, including night time hypoglycaemia. (To read more click here) 

 

Appendix

 
  I.     Type 1 Diabetes in American Indians and Alaska Natives   - web page 12 - 1 - 

II.     Type 1 Diabetes among the Amish    - web page 12 - 2 - 

   III.        Why more and more Children are Developing Type 1 Diabetes    - web page 12 - 3 - 

   IV.        Type 1 Diabetes in Animals   - web page 12 - 4 - 

    V.        Hypotheses about the Causes for Type 1 Diabetes in Very Young Children, Older Children and Fully Grown Adults   - web page 12 - 5 -

 

Warning! Any possible attempt to induce postural and/or musculoskeletal changes in order to treat and cure Type 1 diabetes without understanding the role of biomechanics in Type 1 diabetes may cause serious or fatal consequences.

Here are just a few reasons for that;      

1.  Adverse postural changes is one factor of Type 1 diabetes.

2.  Adverse musculoskeletal changes is another factor of Type 1 diabetes.

3.  Faulty biomechanics is an undivided factor with adverse postural and musculoskeletal changes.

4.  Reduced size of the pancreas in Type 1 diabetes.

5.  Low bone mineral density in Type 1 diabetes.

6.  Exercises in some cases induce hyperglycaemia - high blood sugar and in some cases induce hypoglycaemia - abnormally low level of sugar (glucose) in the blood.

6 – The real danger of death while sleeping. “One in 20 type 1 diabetics die in their sleep due to a sudden drop in their blood sugar.”  

Please note: The purpose of publishing this research on the internet is to initiate a clinical trial conducted by medical doctors involved in the research of diabetes along with people involved in biomechanical research like chiropractors, osteopaths, physiotherapists, podiatrists, etc.

Copyright 2014 – 2021 Luka Tunjic

Luka Tunjic is the author of the book “Mechanical Stimulation Low-Grade Inflammation Weight Gain“

World's Heaviest Woman - The Story about Pauline Potter - Real or Invented

 

Introduction

It has been more than one year since my last post on this blog. (My last blog post was on 2nd August 2011.) Until I read the story in the Huffington Post, I didn’t think that my first post on this blog would be commenting on bizarre news.

The story of Pauline Potter was reported in the Huffington Post under the “Bizarre News” section. Bizarre news mean’s something strange but true. Well, almost everyone, this news is taken very seriously but not strange because it reinforces their belief that obesity is caused by overeating. This is the reason that I have found important enough to discuss on my Blog. 

The first story is reported in the Huffington Post in June 2011.

PaulinePotter Crowned Guinness World Records' Heaviest Woman 

And the second story is reported in the Huffington Post in July 2012.

PaulinePotter Weight Loss: “World's Heaviest Woman Loses 98 Pounds With Marathon Sex

On the GuinnessWorld Records online, there is a post from September 14th, 2011, saying, “The 47-year-old from Sacramento, California has been confirmed as weighing 291.6 kg (643 lbs.) by Guinness World Records™.

Reading those two stories, I came to the conclusion that something was wrong.  Something makes me think that she (Pauline Porter), who is regarded by almost everyone as the “World’s heaviest woman”, doesn’t exist.

According to the media, she has contacted Guinness World Records, but there is no mention that anyone from Guinness World Records contacted her in person. This leads me to the conclusion that she is crowned as the heaviest woman on Earth by Guinness World Records with just one phone call. It seems to me that the credibility of Guinness World Records is questionable, but that is another subject.

One more thing is that on the 18th of August 2011, just a few weeks before Pauline Potter was accepted by Guinness World Records as the heaviest woman in the world, the Sun and other media reported the story about Susanne Eman, “World's fattest woman at52 STONE scoffs more than 20,000 calories a day” published in the Sun 18thAugust 2011.  (52 Stone = 728 lbs.)

If it is true that Susanne Eman weighs 728lbs, then how is it that Pauline Potter, who weighs 643 lbs., 85lbs less than Susanne Eman, is crowned as the heaviest woman in the world by Guinness World Records. This is another fact that seriously undermines the credibility of Guinness World Records. But as I said before, that is another subject because this post is not to be concerned about Guinness World Records' credibility.

I tried to find something on Wikipedia,” List of the heaviest people”, but there is nothing about Pauline Potter or Susanne Eman.

It seems to me that the story about Susanne Eman, “World's fattest woman at 52 STONE scoffs more than 20,000 calories a day”, published in the Sun on 18th August  and many other newspapers, are a hoax.

Side note: If you take a closer look at the picture of Pauline Potter and the picture of Susanne Eman, you may find plenty of similarities between the two, but you will hardly find anything similar to them real obese people.

According to the media, Pauline Potter eats 10,000 calories daily, and Susanne Eman eats 20,000 calories daily.  Almost everyone believes, and no one thinks it is necessary to prove whether it is possible to eat an amount of food containing 20,000 or even 10,000 calories daily. 

The story about women eating 20,000 calories a day, among other media, is published on Opposing View's website. People from Opposing Views are opposed to many views, but they do not oppose the belief that obese people can eat 20,000 calories, and it is not expected from them to oppose the belief that obese people eat 30,000 calories a day or 40,000 calories a day. Also, it is not expected from people on the Opposing View website or from the general population, including university professors involved in the research of obesity, to oppose any possible claim that obese people eat 100,000 calories a day.

The story about “Pauline Potter Crowned Guinness World Records' Heaviest Woman” is very likely invented by someone to make money and/or strengthen the belief that severe obesity is caused by overeating.

The story in the Daily Mail from 22 November 2011 strengthens my belief that it is invented to strengthen the belief that obese people are obese because they eat too much. 

According to the article published in the Huffington Post by pop culture journalist DavidMoyes, “Potter's amazing story will be featured in the 2012 Guinness World Records, which will be released Sept. 15th. The new book will feature a section on Extreme Beauty."

The second story published in the Huffington Post and many other media, “Pauline Potter Weight Loss: World's Heaviest Woman Loses 98 Pounds With Marathon Sex”, is very likely invented to reduce attention on the claims that she will be featured in the 2012 Guinness World Records, which will be released Sept. 15th.   Claiming that she lost 98 pounds makes everyone think that she doesn’t regard herself as the world's heaviest woman, which will consequently lead to no one being interested to examine the trustworthiness of the claim that she will be featured in the 2012 Guinness World Records..

Well, the Sept 15th 2012, is around the corner. Let's see if “Potter's Amazing Story” will be featured in the 2012 Guinness World Records. Maybe they already have an excuse that she wouldn’t be featured in the Guinness Book of Records because the 20012 edition wouldn’t have “The Section on Extreme Beauty”. As I said, Sept 15th 2012, is around the corner. Let's see if I am wrong.

Side note: According to Wikipedia, “The next book to be released, Guinness World Records 2013, is scheduled to be released on 11th September 2012.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness_World_Records

There are plenty of people who express concern for Pauline Porter, like on this blog (suethsayings), but no one expresses the concern about how this story will make it a more miserable life for millions of people, including millions of children.

I’m not sure, but I think that someone was inspired by the American comedy film “ Norbit” directed by Brian Robbins (stars Eddie Murphy and Thandie Newton in 2007).  It seems that the character Rasputia from Norbit had given the Idea for the fictional Pauline Porter.

In the movie, Rasputia and Norbit are played by Edie Murphy.  If the story of Pauline Potter is invented, it will be interesting to know who played “The world women” and who played the world’s heaviest woman in Dr Phil and Dr Oz's show. 

For Dr Oz, Dr Phil and most other people, it is much more comfortable to talk about extremely rare cases of people who don’t care, or at least they publicly pretend not to care about their weight, but it is not comfortable to talk about the vast majority of obese people who try everything to lose weight, but still, they remain obese despite following all advice about weight loss, they continue to further gain weight.)

I hope that some serious journalists will do some investigations and prove or very likely disprove the truthfulness of these stories.

Even though there are many other things that lead me to be suspicious in the stories about Pauline Potter and Susanne Eman, there is still a possibility that I may be wrong.

In the case that I am wrong, I will ask everybody to accept my apology. Let's see what the response will be of Dr Oz, Dr Phil and many journalists, bloggers, etc. who are responsible for the publicity of stories about Pauline Potter and Susanne Eman, in case I am right.

From journalists and the world’s most renowned university professors involved in obesity, there is no apology when they are wrong about the cause of obesity or about their treatments for obesity. They can come up with any theory about the cause or solution for obesity with impunity. It doesn’t matter how their theories make the lives of so many people more miserable. I think that, if not all, many university professors have realised that their belief and their theories (anabolism, catabolism, Krebs cycle etc.), which is based on their belief about the causes of weight gain and weight loss, are created because they didn’t know that human body excrete calories. (Before I published work about “counting calories” and “Energy Balancer”, people involved in the weight loss industry believed that every calorie in food intake, if not spent through  basal metabolism or through physical activity, would be stored as body fat.)

The theories known as anabolism and catabolism are clear examples of not knowing that the human body excrete some energy in food intake as metabolic waste. The fact that the human body excretes some amount of energy in food intake as metabolic waste makes “Anabolism” and “Catabolism” theories a pseudoscience.

Only in the section of bizarre news is the credibility of these sources hard to prove; there is evidence to support the credibility of the established science of weight gain and weight loss.

 In real life, there is no evidence that the established science of weight gain and weight loss works.

UK, the Year 2008 -Take Obese Children into Care, Says Health Expert

According to UK Health Experts from 2008, “authorities should take obese children from their families and into care, and that those whose health is at risk should then undergo stomach-stapling operations”. (Telegraph, 03 Oct 2008)

At that time (just 2 to 3 years ago), if not the majority of obesity experts were campaigning for the removal of obese children from their parents, or they were silent (passively supporting) about the issue concerning the removal of obese children from their parents.

It is unbelievable that just 3 years ago, no one established obesity scientist or established health expert in the UK or in the USA complained about the idea of forcing children to undergo a stomach-stapling operation. (If you know an established obesity scientist or health expert that was against the idea of forcing children to have stomach stapling operations, please let me know)

Those were the days when the obesity experts had great concern for children affected with obesity but didn’t know that stool contains calories. Ignoring the suffering of obese children, a man can find sympathy for obesity experts because although obesity experts didn’t know that stool contains calories, their intention was for the well-being of children at that time.

The fact that for children affected with severe obesity, nothing works was known to obesity scientists in 2008, but despite that, they were actively or passively campaigning for the removal of severely obese children from their parents.

The only reason that in the UK, obesity experts or any other kind of health experts will not suggest or support any possible campaign to remove obese children from their parents is that they are now aware that some amount of the energy in food intake, the human body will excrete as metabolic waste (metabolic waste is: stool, urine, sweat, breath, etc.). 

In the UK, not only is there no chance that a child affected with obesity or severe obesity will be removed from their parents, but there is no chance that any obesity expert will ever suggest that.

Obesity scientists, health experts and government officials should confront the fact that if parents knew what makes their children obese, there will be no obese children.

The established obesity scientists and health experts should admit the fact that they don’t know what causes obesity among children.

The government should take an active role in solving the problem of obesity and stop to be an executive body of established obesity scientists and established health experts. 

The obesity epidemic can be relatively easy to combat, but it is hard to explain. One reason that makes it hard to explain is that the entire established science of obesity was created without knowing that the human body excretes some energy in food intake. ( Until recently, the established scientific community didn’t know that some amount of energy in food intake human body excrete as metabolic waste  - they didn’t know that stool contains calories.) You may like to read more about “The Facts about the Established Science of Obesity”.

Loss of the Fat Mass in Space – Weightlessness/Microgravity

In weightlessness (microgravity), the human body is affected by an involuntary loss of muscle, bone and fat mass.

Note;

1. The body has weight because of the pull of gravity.
2. In weightlessness, the body doesn’t have weight.
3. No one can lose weight in weightlessness. (You can’t lose something that you don’t have.)
4. In weightlessness, the human body has mass like any physical object. In an environment of 1G and in weightlessness, the body has mass.

In weightlessness/microgravity, increased food intake will not even slow the loss of muscles, bones and fat mass.

There is no supplement, drugs or any kind of food that will even slow the atrophy of the muscles, bones and fat mass in weightlessness.

It is obvious that even a Bear will not gain body mass in weightlessness, despite excessive feeding, nor it will be saved from atrophy of the existing body mass.

The involuntary loss of the muscles, bones and fat mass is one major obstacle to any possible prolonged space travel.

The only way to slow the ATROPHY of the muscles, bones and FAT MASS is to do exercises on a specially designed exercise device for weightlessness.

The example of how weightlessness affects the body mass regulation shows us that without the pull of gravity, it will be not only impossible to gain body mass, whether it is muscle mass, bones mass or FAT MASS, but it would also be impossible to maintain the existing body weight whether you are human or a bear.

The biological basis of fat mass formation and the mechanisms of body fat distribution can be understood by almost everyone, but it takes time to explain. 

The article on my website: Food, Water, Air, Physical Activity, Gravity and Weight Gain/Weight Loss explains a little bit more about regulating the mechanism of weight gain and weight loss.

That article doesn’t explain everything, but it is the first step to understanding the biological basis of fat mass formation. Actually, it should be the talk of fat cells formation and fat mass formation, but for the sake of simplicity, I will mention only fat mass formation because the formation of the fat cells causes an increase in the fat mass and an increase in the size of single-cell increases body fat mass.

Please note:

There is only one biological basis for fat mass formation.

There are many mechanisms underlining body fat mass distributions.

You may like to read more about weightlessness and about the real science of weight gain and weight loss.