The Reason for the Loss of Bone Mineral Density in Space (weightless environment - microgravity) and on the Earth

Loss of Bone Mineral Density in Space (weightless environment – microgravity)

The absence of mechanical stimulation, which on the Earth is produced by working against gravity and by our own body weight, is the cause of the loss of bone density in Space (weightlessness - microgravity).

There are two main types of mechanical stimulations which are absent in space.

1) Mechanical stimulation induced by our own body weight. (In a weightless environment, the body has mass but doesn’t have weight.) On the Earth, even in a laying down position, the body gets some amount of mechanical stimulation because the weight of each body particle above provides mechanical stimulation to the below particles. The particles which are below bear the weight of the particles which are above.

2) Mechanical stimulations induced by working against the gravity (against the pull of gravity). Standing, walking, running and jumping are examples of working against the pull of gravity. Actually, by performing any physical activity, the most effort we put in is to support and carry our own body weight.

The most mechanical stimulation induced by working against gravity, like standing, walking, running and jumping, etc, comes from the foot-ground impact forces. 

There is no foot-ground impact force in a weightless environment (Microgravity). (Hitting the floor with the foot in the Space Station will result in hitting the ceiling with the head.).

Loss of Bone Mass and Bone Mineral Density on Earth (1G Environment)

Insufficient physical activity and/or extreme efficiency in performing locomotion (walking and running) is the cause of the loss of bone mineral density on the Earth. (The competitive marathon runners are affected by the low bone density.)

 

The Biological Basis of Bone MASS and Bone Mineral DENSITY GAIN
 

1)    Excessive (excessive strength and/or excessive duration) mechanical stimulation causes (increased) inflammation of the bones.

 

2)    Sufficient mechanical stimulation (sufficient strength and sufficient duration) maintains normal inflammation (homeostasis).

The Biological Basis of Bone MASS and Bone Mineral DENSITY LOSS

 

1)    Insufficient mechanical stimulation (insufficient strength and/or insufficient duration) causes a decrease in inflammation below the level required for maintaining existing bone mass and bone density. 

MECHANICAL STIMULATION – INFLAMMATION model explains the density loss/gain of all bones, including the bones of the human skull in Space (weightless environment - microgravity) and on the Earth (1 G environment).

The book “Mechanical Stimulation Low-Grade Inflammation Weight Gain”  explains why: 

1) Bones can increase in size and density. 

2) Bones can increase in size but the bone density decreases

3) Bones can decrease in size and density. 

4) Bone size can decrease, but bone density increases. 

Copyright 2014 – 2021 Luka Tunjic

Luka Tunjic is the author of the book “Mechanical Stimulation Low-Grade Inflammation Weight Gain“

UK, the Year 2008 -Take Obese Children into Care, Says Health Expert

According to UK Health Experts from 2008, “authorities should take obese children from their families and into care, and that those whose health is at risk should then undergo stomach-stapling operations”. (Telegraph, 03 Oct 2008)

At that time (just 2 to 3 years ago), if not the majority of obesity experts were campaigning for the removal of obese children from their parents, or they were silent (passively supporting) about the issue concerning the removal of obese children from their parents.

It is unbelievable that just 3 years ago, no one established obesity scientist or established health expert in the UK or in the USA complained about the idea of forcing children to undergo a stomach-stapling operation. (If you know an established obesity scientist or health expert that was against the idea of forcing children to have stomach stapling operations, please let me know)

Those were the days when the obesity experts had great concern for children affected with obesity but didn’t know that stool contains calories. Ignoring the suffering of obese children, a man can find sympathy for obesity experts because although obesity experts didn’t know that stool contains calories, their intention was for the well-being of children at that time.

The fact that for children affected with severe obesity, nothing works was known to obesity scientists in 2008, but despite that, they were actively or passively campaigning for the removal of severely obese children from their parents.

The only reason that in the UK, obesity experts or any other kind of health experts will not suggest or support any possible campaign to remove obese children from their parents is that they are now aware that some amount of the energy in food intake, the human body will excrete as metabolic waste (metabolic waste is: stool, urine, sweat, breath, etc.). 

In the UK, not only is there no chance that a child affected with obesity or severe obesity will be removed from their parents, but there is no chance that any obesity expert will ever suggest that.

Obesity scientists, health experts and government officials should confront the fact that if parents knew what makes their children obese, there will be no obese children.

The established obesity scientists and health experts should admit the fact that they don’t know what causes obesity among children.

The government should take an active role in solving the problem of obesity and stop to be an executive body of established obesity scientists and established health experts. 

The obesity epidemic can be relatively easy to combat, but it is hard to explain. One reason that makes it hard to explain is that the entire established science of obesity was created without knowing that the human body excretes some energy in food intake. ( Until recently, the established scientific community didn’t know that some amount of energy in food intake human body excrete as metabolic waste  - they didn’t know that stool contains calories.) You may like to read more about “The Facts about the Established Science of Obesity”.

Loss of the Fat Mass in Space – Weightlessness/Microgravity

In weightlessness (microgravity), the human body is affected by an involuntary loss of muscle, bone and fat mass.

Note;

1. The body has weight because of the pull of gravity.
2. In weightlessness, the body doesn’t have weight.
3. No one can lose weight in weightlessness. (You can’t lose something that you don’t have.)
4. In weightlessness, the human body has mass like any physical object. In an environment of 1G and in weightlessness, the body has mass.

In weightlessness/microgravity, increased food intake will not even slow the loss of muscles, bones and fat mass.

There is no supplement, drugs or any kind of food that will even slow the atrophy of the muscles, bones and fat mass in weightlessness.

It is obvious that even a Bear will not gain body mass in weightlessness, despite excessive feeding, nor it will be saved from atrophy of the existing body mass.

The involuntary loss of the muscles, bones and fat mass is one major obstacle to any possible prolonged space travel.

The only way to slow the ATROPHY of the muscles, bones and FAT MASS is to do exercises on a specially designed exercise device for weightlessness.

The example of how weightlessness affects the body mass regulation shows us that without the pull of gravity, it will be not only impossible to gain body mass, whether it is muscle mass, bones mass or FAT MASS, but it would also be impossible to maintain the existing body weight whether you are human or a bear.

The biological basis of fat mass formation and the mechanisms of body fat distribution can be understood by almost everyone, but it takes time to explain. 

The article on my website: Food, Water, Air, Physical Activity, Gravity and Weight Gain/Weight Loss explains a little bit more about regulating the mechanism of weight gain and weight loss.

That article doesn’t explain everything, but it is the first step to understanding the biological basis of fat mass formation. Actually, it should be the talk of fat cells formation and fat mass formation, but for the sake of simplicity, I will mention only fat mass formation because the formation of the fat cells causes an increase in the fat mass and an increase in the size of single-cell increases body fat mass.

Please note:

There is only one biological basis for fat mass formation.

There are many mechanisms underlining body fat mass distributions.

You may like to read more about weightlessness and about the real science of weight gain and weight loss.

Diet Soda is linked to Weight Gain

By maintaining the same level of physical activity, some people can eat little food and be obese or severely obese, and some people can eat plenty of food and still be normal in weight or even underweight. That is the fact known to people before the pseudoscience of weight gain and weight loss was created.

1. The fact that Diet Soda is linked to Weight Gain should be interpreted as that something wrong with the basic science of weight gain and weight loss.

2. There is no ground to make out of hand a conclusion that people gain weight because then they crave sweets and eat more.

3. There is no point in inventing some ad hoc theory like that insulin causes fat storage and prevents fat release.

A. There has to be a confrontation with the fact that the basic science of weight gain and weight loss is wrong.

B. There has to be a confrontation with the fact that weight gain and weight loss are not about calories or energy.

Please note! 
Weight loss treatment involving dieting, increased physical activity, diet pills and bariatric surgeries were invented when obesity scientists believed that every single calorie in food intake, if not spent, would be stored as fat mass. These beliefs were in line with the anabolism and catabolism theories - (flawed theories). At those times, the theory “calories in-calories out” was an unquestioned scientific dogma. The obvious reason for that is: that obesity Researchers didn’t know that some amount of energy in food intake, the human body excretes as metabolic waste (they didn’t know that stool contains calories) Read more.

Food, Water, Air and Obesity

Like, water and air, optimal nutrition is essential for life, but the obesity epidemic in children and in adults is not caused by insufficient physical activity and/or excessive food intake.

It is impossible to explain in a few words because there is so much of a preconceived mind about the cause and solution for obesity that is born out of the wrong science of weight gain/weight loss.

1. Causes of the obesity epidemic are misunderstood.

2. The basic science of Weight Gain/weight loss is wrong.

3. The weight loss induced by weight loss surgeries is misunderstood.

4. The weight loss induced by starvation or any other diet is misunderstood. (The article which explains the mechanism underlining weight loss induced by a starvation diet will be posted on my website in a few days.)

The obesity epidemic can be relatively easy to combat, but it is hard to explain. One reason that makes it hard to explain is that the entire established science of obesity was created without knowing that the human body excretes some energy in food intake. ( Until recently, the established scientific community didn’t know that some amount of energy in food intake human body excrete as metabolic waste  - they didn’t know that stool contains calories.) You may like to read more about “The Bad Science of Obesity”.

Relation Whit Food and Whit Our Bodies

My comment posted in Guardian on 30 June 2011 3:32PM

Almost all people don’t have a ridiculous relationship with their body because almost everyone at every age likes to be normal weight. The fact that people care about their outward appearance can’t be interpreted as a ridiculous relation with their own bodies.

A ridiculous relationship with food is caused by the fear of obesity.

Anorexia and others eating disorders are caused by the fear of obesity.

1. Anorexia does not always lead to thinness.

2. Anorexia will cause thinness or extreme thinness only in people who are already slightly underweight, at a normal weight, and those who are slightly overweight.

3. Anorexia and other eating disorders are common among obese people.

Anorexia and other eating disorders are ignored by the media, medical researchers and everyone else involved in the prevention and treatment of obesity, and that fact shows how ridiculed the approach to the problems of obesity and anorexia, and other eating disorders have become.

Particularly anorexia and other eating disorders are prevalent among children. All of the time, or at least most of the time, overweight and obese children feel guilty about eating and are ashamed of their bodies.

For adults, it is comfortable to talk about the problems of anorexia in underweight and extremely underweight children, but it is not comfortable to talk about the problem of anorexia among overweight, obese and severely obese children.

Adults affected with obesity or by the fear of obesity can’t have sympathy for children’s problems of obesity or eating disorders in children. The problem is that almost all the world’s adult population is affected by obesity and/or fear of obesity. The problem is further exuberated by the fact that the world-leading medical and nutritional experts, in one way or another, promote anorexia as a solution for obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Another problem is that medical doctors aren’t affected by obesity. There are many other obstacles to the rational discussion about the cause and solution for obesity and the solution for eating disorders. The problem is that people are so afraid of obesity that they are unable to engage in a productive discussion about the cause and solution for obesity and eating disorders.

Luke Tunyich – The Founder of Modern Science of Biomechanics – The real science of weight gain/weight loss

The Myths about Established Science of Obesity

My reply to the comment posted by samknox @ 05:36 PM on 5/18/201 on HuffPost – “How to Burn Calories Without going to The Gym”

Quote:

“The benefits of exercise are numerous and well-docum­ented.”

In general, it is true, but there is still plenty to discuss certain types of exercises that negatively affect health and well-being, and certain exercises even cause further weight gain.

Quote:

 “Weight-los­s isn't one of them.”

It is only half true.

1.  For people affected with obesity and particularly for people affected with severe obesity, increased physical activity alone or combined with decreased food intake will not result in significant weight loss.

2. For people slightly affected by overweight increased physical activity will always result in weight loss, and it will also result in weight loss by decreased food intake.

3. For people with an ideal body mass index, physical activity is the only way to maintain their weight and shape.

Quote:

 “Creating a "calorie-d­eficit", either by eating less or exercising more, has, for all practical purposes, never resulted in long-term weight loss,”

The body doesn’t lose weight because of calorie deficit. The mechanism of weight loss induced by increased physical activity alone or combined with decreased food intake is not due to “calorie deficit”. The article “Misconception about Energy Balance and Weight Gain-Weight Loss” explains how wrong it is to observe weight loss through the model of “caloric deficit and weight gain through the model of “caloric sufficed” http://www.biomechanicsandhealth.com/energybalance.htm

Quote:

 “and this has been common knowledge among nutrition scientists for the last 60 years.”

That is not true.

Well, some nutritionists were scratching their heads, but the science that they didn’t dare to question was the inherited science. In reality, nutritional scientists, including medical scientists, are the victims of flawed science.

Today like in the past, all over the world, in schools and universities, students are learning anabolism theory and catabolism theory. In reality, the anabolism/catabolism theory is a flawed theory.

The scientific community and the wider public have to confront the fact that anabolism/catabolism theories are created when nutritional and medical scientists believe that every single calorie that enters the human body, if not spent, will be converted into fat mass. At that time, the fact that the human body excretes calories was unknown to nutritional and medical science.

The basic science of biology needs to be cleaned from these flawed theories, and the anabolism/catabolism theory is one of them.

As long as the scientific integrity of nutritional and medical scientists is more important than real science, people will suffer from obesity and be victimised by treatments based on pseudo science. The present official science of weight gain/weight loss is not real science but pseudoscience.

Quote:

“And yet we still have "experts" telling us that we will "see" the results of exercise.”

Until recently, the world leading nutritional scientists were telling exactly that.

For example, the world's most renowned scientists of obesity were telling that: “ Get millions of people to wear inexpensive step counters and walk an additional 2,000 steps (about 1 mile) a day, or cut out 100 calories.” 

The other example is the article broadcasted on the BBC: “Cut 100 calories a day to lose weight”

These are just two examples of the belief that obesity can be solved by following the “counting calories method”. 

The Myths about the Food and Obesity

My reply to the comment posted by enjutz @ 12:49 AM on 5/20/2011 on HuffPost – “How to Burn Calories Without going to The Gym”

Quote:

"The article you link to is very poorly written."

I am sorry for that, but it is difficult to find words to explain that until recently, the scientists involved in the research, treatment and prevention of obesity did not know that the human body excretes calories. I think the arguments are more important on such an important issue.

An extensive reply to the rest of your comments I have posted on my blog. I hope you and other people will find it interesting.

Quote:

 “Embarrassi­ngly so. Humans evolved to store energy when food was abundant so that they could survive when food was not.”

Humans don’t eat food as a means to gain weight; they also do not excrete calories to control body weight.

The human body doesn’t store water or air so that it can survive when water or air is not abundant.

The theory, “Humans evolved to store energy when food was abundant so that they could survive when food was not”, is flawed. Namely, it was created when scientists didn’t know that the human body excretes calories.

Quote:

“Food is very abundant now and people don't expend the kind of energy they did even 200 years ago.”

That is what the majority of people like to believe. The fact is that people eat better and exercise more, but they still get more obese than just a few decades ago. For example, Japan is not affected by the obesity epidemic; that is just one fact that shows that an abundance of food is not a reason for the obesity epidemic. Furthermore, in the USA nowadays, more people are hungry than a few decades ago, but obesity is still far more prevalent today than what was the case just two decades ago. 

Quote:

“Sure some calories may be excreated as waste,“

For many, it is hard to confront the fact that the human body excretes calories because the entire science of obesity and the opinion on the causes and solutions for obesity were created without knowing that the human body excretes calories.

Quote:

“but if you eat 3000Kc and only burn 2000Kc the rest is not going to magically leave your body.”

It is not simple like that. The excretion and excreting mechanism are very complex. At this moment of discussion, what is relevant is the fact that obesity scientists didn’t know that the human body excretes calories.